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Remember when setting the up to use the basic format described earlier <html> Your text should go between the <body> tags So how do we alter the appearance of text when viewed on your browser Either scroll down or select from below Controlling how text wraps round and spacesAs we've already mentioned HTML ignore carriage return, tab keys and more than one space in a row. For example if you insert this between your <body> tags <body> and <body> will both appear as This will be all on one line Overall this is useful because it allows individual browsers to wrap text around to fit browser windows of different sizes. But it prevents you from separating lines out from one big paragraph as spaces and carriage returns. However you can use 2 tags to do this <p> & <br> The <p> tag stands for paragraph. it allows you to seperate out text paragrags with a line in between. The <br> tag represents a linebreak and ends the line but starts immediately below for example <body> This appears like so- This is a complete example of what happens when you use the above tags in your HTML pages. If you choose to use the paragraph tag you get a ended paragraph with a space between the next as shown now. Where as the linebreak tag just stops and Although you can use a </p> tag (and for good HTML you really should) most browsers (and hence web sites) don't need it. The same applies for the <br> tag (infact </br> is never seen)
Special CharactersHTML coding does not recognize special characters (e.g. ù ) beyond basic ASCII text or worse can confuse browser (e.g. using < >)
They can be used as so <body> appears as This is > which is the greater than sign A list can be found in our HTML reference library. Using Headings and content based tagsWe've already seen the <h1> heading tag in operation. Infact there are 6 levels of headings <h1> to <h6>. Try using different ones within the <body> tags e.g. <h4>this is heading type 4</h4> would appear as this is heading type 4this is heading type 2In addition to the heading tags there are other so called content-based tags. These should be used to show certain features like definitions or citations here are 3 try them within your document <cite> this is for citations. It should appear in italics</cite> this is for citations. It should appear in italics <strong>Strongly emphasize text. Appears bold</strong> Strongly emphasize text. Appears bold <em>Emphasize text. It should appear in italics</em> Emphasize text. It should appear in italics There are many more. Some as you can see duplicate each other and you can do the same effect by individually altering font characteristics (see below). But try to use them. It means browsers recognize them for their content (i.e. it is a citation rather than simple text in italics) Altering font, size style etc. individuallyThere will be times when you want to alter the style of individual words for appearance sake. These are called PHYSICAL STYLE TAGS. We've already seen the <i> and </i> tags for italics. Here are some more
Two other tags can also be used. Curiously, as they are both so useful they are being phased out !!!!
A list can be found in our HTML reference library.
Aligning textAs you cant use spaces, tabs or other controls to determine text position on your document you must rely on a special attribute called align. You can set this into your text like so <h1 align = center> I'm big and in the middle </h1> Which appears as I'm big and in the middleI'm on the right I'm back to normal Note you can put the align tag in any of these formatting tags (e.g. headers or start of paragraphs). At the end (or start of new <p> tag for example it resets to default align = "left". Note browsers don't universally support justified BACK |
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